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中考英語復習資料,寫作為主

壹、善於思考 勤於積累

要想在中考作文中拿到高分,這需要考生在日常生活中善於觀察,不能兩耳不聞窗外事,而應積極關註當今社會熱點,如人口問題、汙染問題、世界和平等壹系列現象;要善於思考,勤於把自己的思想用英語正確地表達和記錄下來,只有通過不斷的積累和磨練,才能練就良好的寫作基本功。建議大家在考前把今年的相關重點問題,熱點問題回顧壹下。積累壹些相關詞匯,有備無患。

二、認真審題 寫好提綱

考生在拿到試卷之後,當聽力題做完,可以先看壹看作文的題目與類型,對它有壹個大致的印象和準備,在做語法和閱讀題時對自己的作文能有壹個初步的構思。應盡可能地留出20分鐘的時間來寫作文。在正式寫作文時,可參照以下步驟:

1、認真審題,確定題目中的關鍵詞。

2、展開壹次“Brain Storm”即頭腦風暴,對該題引申出各種聯想和論點。

3、根據自己已有的經驗和詞匯量選擇自己最熟悉、最有把握的方面和論點來寫作。

4、確定基本的寫作時態,如記敘文通常用壹般過去時。(時態運用錯誤是考生們大量失分的主要原因。)

5、對於有能力的同學,註意不能通篇均用簡單句型,可適當引入初中的語法重點如狀語從句、賓語從句和被動語態等。這會使考生的作文有質的提高。

6、當整篇作文寫完,壹定要進行仔細的檢查,註意使句子流暢,時態運用準確,單詞拼寫正確,冠詞運用正確,名詞的大小寫正確。

下面,我們來針對中考作文題型和例文進行評析。

中考作文題型分析與例文評析

命題作文即給出壹個統壹的題目,限定考生寫作的具體範圍,要求考生就同壹主題展開敘述或評論。寫好命題作文的關鍵是緊扣主題、立意明確、觀點清晰。

壹、命題作文

〔例1〕To be a lovely Shanghainese(2003年上海市英語中考題)

審題:該題的重點在於闡述作為壹個可愛的上海人,我們關鍵應怎樣做?在2003年的考生作文中,有壹部分同學發生了嚴重的偏題,把描述重點放在形容上海是怎樣的壹個大都市,因此失分很多。由此看來,審題的準確是非常重要的。

學生作文:Shanghai is developing quickly everyday. Quite a few foreigners come to visit Shanghai. As the hosts of Shanghai, we must be lovely Shanghaineses to tell the visitors that Shanghai is an international city. To be a lovely Shanghainese, first, we should do our best to make the city more beautiful to show our enthusiasm. Next, we should be kind and friendly to everyone. We must do so to make our guests fell our zeal. Finally, we should study and work hard to rise our ability. Shanghai is developing and we should make progress to follow the epoch.

教師評析:該篇作文行文流暢,結構清晰,以“first,Next,Finally”的結構描述,層次感很強。不定式的恰當運用體現了考生較好的語法功底。

教師擬評分:9分

〔例2〕Four years' school life

審題:該題要求考生對四年的初中生活進行回顧和總結,適合以夾敘夾議的方式來寫作。(此外,從情感教育的角度來看,閱卷老師總希望讀到考生回憶自己美好、快樂的初中生活,而不是討厭自己的母校、老師、同學等消極情緒的體現。)

學生作文:I've been in my middle school for four years. Four years' school life plays an important role in my life. I enjoy making friends, getting knowledge and having interesting time in my school. I have also made friendship with lots of classmates, and I have also been taught different lessons by lots of different patient teachers. I have grown up a lot in the past four years. I will never forget my four years' school life.

教師評析:整篇作文非常明快、流暢,體現了考生對母校依依不舍的情懷。由於是對初中生活的回顧和總結,考生恰當地選擇以現在完成時作為主要的時態來強調影響和結果,文中"plays an important role"這壹詞組和被動語態的正確運用也體現了考生良好的詞匯和語法功底。

教師擬評分:10分

二、應用文寫作

應用文主要包括信函、電郵、日記、通知、廣告、電話等形式,它要求考生不僅能表達題中的主要內容,還能夠正確地運用各種文本格式進行規範的書寫,這也是考生對於英語傳統文化了解多少的反映。因此,考生應在臨考前系統地復習各種文本格式以及打電話的規範用語,以做到處變不驚、百戰百勝。

〔例3〕寫壹封信給妳在雲南省西雙版納市的筆友李帆,告訴他妳很願意與他交朋友,並邀請他到上海來旅行。

審題:該題要求考生以規範的信件格式來書寫,並把題中所出現的信息點都涵概在內。建議考生可把題目中的信息點都壹壹劃出,以免發生遺漏。

學生作文:

Lifan

Xishuangbanna

Yunnan Province China

May 25th, 2004

Dear Lifan,

Thank you for your letter. I'm glad to be your pen-friend. We are the same years old, but we were born in different places. In my imagination, Xishuangbanna is a very beautiful place. There are a lot of plants and animals. You know I look forward to visiting Xishuangbanna. Would you like to come to Shanghai? I'd like to invite you to Shanghai in summer holiday. Shanghai is also a beautiful place. It is a modern city. There are a lot of interesting places such as the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, the Bund, and Nanjing Road Walkway.

If you come here, I will show you around Shanghai. You can live at my home and my mother will cook you much delicious food. Let's be best friends!

Yours sincerely,

Xiaomin

教師擬評分:9分

〔例4〕寫壹篇題為“A Visit To_____”的日記。

審題:該題為半命題式作文。考生除了要註意運用正確的日記格式,還可根據自己的經驗和熟悉程度來選擇、確定文章的主題.

學生作文:

May 25th, 2004 sunny

A Visit To Jinmao Building

Jinmao Building has Chinese traditional styles and it is also modern. It is the signal construction of Shanghai. It is located in the center of Lujiazui Financial Area. Our family visited Jinmao Building today.

The traffic there is very convenient. You can got here by tunnel and No.2 subway. And if you live near it, you can walk there just like our family. We went to the eighty-eighth floor of Jinmao Building. We saw the whole view of Shanghai there. Please come to Jinmao Building, and you will get some unexpected gains there.

教師評析:整篇作文主題明確,對於金茂大廈的描述也較具體,文中“the signal construction”壹詞是全文的亮點。但整篇文章的層次不夠清晰,句子也以簡單句為主,對於參觀這壹動詞的闡述還不夠充分。

教師擬評分:8分

三、看圖寫話

看圖寫話是初中英語作文常考的壹種形式,但隨著牛津版教材的大量應用,學生的寫作能力有了較大的提高,因此中考作文的要求和難度也相應提高。所以,在中考作文中繼續出現簡單的敘事型看圖寫話的可能性很小,但有可能會提供給考生壹些具有寓意的漫畫或圖片,要求考生從中發現問題、提出自己的觀點,這對考生的邏輯思維能力和英語語言的嫻熟運用都提出了更高的要求。

審題:這幅漫畫蘊涵了壹個深刻的主題即戰爭與和平,這與當今世界的熱點問題密切相關,它不僅考核考生是否能流暢地表達自己的觀點,更需要考生站在人文關懷的高度來觀察整個世界。

學生作文:

A Represent of Freedom and Peace

Almost everyday we can see there are always a huge number of pigeons enjoying the sunbath in some large squares, but do you often care what a white pigeon stands for? That is peace. For hundreds of years, people always regard pigeons as a represent of freedom and peace. That is because of not only its lovely pure figure, but also its great passion to the outside world. Till now, I still can't help thinking of such a picture: In Iraq, a boy was watching a white pigeon over his head. The background was full of wounded solders and guns. Thus, this lovely white pigeon was contrastive to this iced background and gave people a deep consideration. Suddenly, athought comes into my mind: Why there have been so many wars in the world just for someone's own interest? Why can't people live like as mall pigeon with freedom? I hope there will not be wars, FOREVER!

教師評析:應該說,要把這篇看圖作文寫好是有相當難度的,但考生以非常流暢的筆調從鴿子聯想到自由與和平,再聯想到發生在伊拉克的戰爭。文風成熟老練,這在初中生的作文中是難能可貴的。

教師擬評分:10分

〔例6〕審題:該圖要求考生先看懂漫畫,對它進行清晰的描述,同時根據其隱藏的寓意提出自己的觀點,如在此圖中應關註樹木被砍伐而提出環保的重要性。

學生作文:

Seeing this picture, we know that these trees have been cut down. But as a very little baby in the picture, he must be puzzled. He will ask: What are these? Are these trees? Of course, in our imagination, trees must be tall, strong and green enough. Actually, his question shows humans a problem that is worth thinking about. The covering rate of the forest in the world has kept decreasing these years and it caused a lot of problems on environment. As we all know, trees are very important in our life. They can make the air fresher, reduce natural disasters and soon. So I appeal: Don't cut down trees. Let' s make our earth greener for our later generation. Don't let the children think trees are only roots!

教師評析:整篇作文結構清晰,全文分三段,第壹段詳細地描述漫畫的內容;第二段闡述其蘊涵的寓意即環保對於世界和後代們的重要性;第三段提出作者的號召,使文章的結尾明快、有力!

教師擬評分:10分

1. 開頭萬能公式壹:名人名言

有人問了,“我沒有記住名言,怎麽辦?尤其是英語名言?”,很好辦:編!

原理:我們看到的東西很多都是創造出來的,包括我們欣賞的文章也是,所以盡管編,但是壹定要聽起來很有道理呦!而且沒準將來我們就是名人呢!對吧?

經典句型:

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (適用於已記住的名言)

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (適用於自編名言)

更多經典句型:

As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2. 開頭萬能公式二:數字統計

原理:要想更有說服力,就應該用實際的數字來說明。

原則上在議論文當中十不應該出現虛假數字的,可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十壹,但編無妨,只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型:

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起來這個數字文鄒鄒的,其實都是編造出來的,下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造:

Honesty

根據最近的壹項統計調查顯示,大學生向老師請假的理由當中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike

根據最近的壹項統計調查顯示,85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。

Youth

根據最近的壹項統計調查顯示,在某個大學,學生的課余時間的70% 都是在休閑娛樂。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?

根據最近的壹項統計調查顯示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型:

A recent statistics shows that …

寫作絕招

結尾萬能公式:

1. 結尾萬能公式壹:如此結論

說完了,畢竟要歸納壹番,相信各位都有這樣的經歷,領導長篇大論,到最後終於冒出個“總而言之”之類的話,我們馬上停止開小差,等待領導說結束語。也就是說,開頭很好,也必然要有壹個精彩的結尾,讓讀者眼前壹亮,這樣,妳就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:

Obviously(此為過渡短語), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

如果讀者很難“顯而見之 ”,但說無妨,就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了!

更多過渡短語:

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型:

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2 . 結尾萬能公式二:如此建議

如果說“如此結論”是結尾最沒用的廢話,那麽“如此建議”應該是最有價值的廢話了,因為這裏雖然也是廢話,但是卻用了壹個很經典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽!

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

這裏的虛擬語氣用得很經典,因為考官本來經常考這個句型,而如果我們自己寫出來,妳說考官會怎麽想呢?

更多句型:

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

寫作絕招

寫作的“七項基本原則”:

壹、 長 短 句原則

工作還得壹張壹馳呢,老讓讀者讀長句,累死人!寫壹個短小精辟的句子,相反,卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主題:

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

如此可見,長短句結合,抑揚頓挫,豈不爽哉?牢記!

強烈建議:在文章第壹段(開頭)用壹長壹短,且先長後短;在文章主體部分,要先用壹個短句解釋主要意思,然後在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短後長的句群形式,定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結尾壹般用壹長壹短就可以了。

二、 主 題 句原則

國有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感!相信各位讀過壹些破爛文學,故意把主體隱藏在文章之內,結果造成我們稀裏糊塗!不知所雲!所以奉勸各位壹定要寫壹個主題句,放在文章的開頭(保險型)或者結尾,讓讀者壹目了然,必會平安無事!

特別提示:隱藏主體句可是要冒險的!

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主題句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、 壹 二 三原則

領導講話總是第壹部分、第壹點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第壹點… 如此羅嗦。可畢竟還是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關鍵性的“標簽”來判定妳的文章是否結構清楚,條理自然。破解方法很簡單,只要把下面任何壹組的詞匯加入到妳的幾個要點前就清楚了。

1) first, second, third, last(不推薦,原因:俗)

2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦,原因:俗)

3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推薦,原因:俗)

4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推薦,原因:俗)

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強烈推薦)

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(強烈推薦)

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強烈推薦)

8)most important of all, moreover, finally

9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用於兩點的情況)

10)for one thing, for another thing(適用於兩點的情況)

建議:不僅僅在寫作中註意,平時說話的時候也應該條理清楚!

四、 短語優先原則

寫作時,尤其是在考試時,如果使用短語,有兩個好處:其壹、用短語會使文章增加亮點,如果老師們看到妳的文章太簡單,看不到壹個自己不認識的短語,必然會看妳低壹等。相反,如果發現亮點—精彩的短語,那麽妳的文章定會得高分了。其二、關鍵時刻思維短路,只有湊字數,怎麽辦?用短語是壹個辦法!比如:

I cannot bear it.

可以用短語表達:I cannot put up with it.

I want it.

可以用短語表達:I am looking forward to it.

這樣字數明顯增加,表達也更準確。

五、 多實少虛原則

原因很簡單,寫文章還是應該寫壹些實際的東西,不要空話連篇。這就要求壹定要多用實詞,少用虛詞。我這裏所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說壹個很好的時候,不應該之說nice這樣空洞的詞,應該使用壹些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如:

走出房間, general的詞是:walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房間應該說:slip out of the room

小姐走出房間應該說:sail out of the room

小孩走出房間應該說:dance out of the room

老人走出房間應該說:stagger out of the room

所以多用實詞,少用虛詞,文章將會大放異彩!

六、 多變句式原則

1)加法(串聯)

都希望寫下很長的句子,像個老外似的,可就是怕寫錯,怎麽辦,最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些,可以在任何句子之間加 and, 但最好是前後的句子又先後關系或者並列關系。比如說:

I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.

如果是二者並列的,我們可以用壹個超級句式:

Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.

其它的短語可以用:

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2)轉折(拐彎抹角)

批評某人缺點的時候,我們總習慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優點,然後轉入正題,再說缺點,這種方式雖然陰險了點,可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢,我們說話的時候,只要在要點之前先來點廢話,註意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.

The coat was thin, but it was warm.

更多的短語:

despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3)因果(so, so, so)

昨天在街上我看到了壹個女孩,然後我主動搭訕,然後我們去咖啡廳,然後我們認識了,然後我們成為了朋友…可見,講故事的時候我們總要追求先後順序,先什麽,後什麽,所以然後這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先後或因果關系!

The snow began to fall, so we went home.

更多短語:

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4)失衡句(頭重腳輕,或者頭輕腳重)

有些人腦袋大,身體小,或者有些人腦袋小,身體大,雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子,可如果真的是這樣了,也就必然會吸引別人的註意力。文章中如果出現這樣的句子,就更會讓考官看到妳的句子與眾不同。其實就是主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句的變形。

舉例:This is what I can do.

Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.

同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復雜成分:

When to go, Why he goes away…

5)附加(多此壹舉)

如果有了老婆,總會遇到這樣的情況,當妳再講某個人的時候,她會插壹句說,我昨天見過他;或者說,就是某某某,如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話裏面,那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.

I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.

Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.

其實很簡單,同位語--要解釋的東西刪除後不影響整個句子的構成;定語從句—借用之前的關鍵詞並且用其重新組成壹個句子插入其中,但是whom or that 關鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。

6)排比(排山倒海句)

文學作品中最吸引人的地方莫過於此,如果非要讓妳的文章更加精彩的話,那麽我希望妳引用壹個個的排比句,壹個個得對偶句,壹個個的不定式,壹個個地詞,壹個個的短語,如此表達將會使文章有排山倒海之勢!

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.

Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.

We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (氣勢恢宏)

要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可!

七、 挑戰極限原則

既然十挑戰極限,必然是比較難的,但是並非不可攀!

原理:在學生的文章中,很少發現諸如獨立主格的句子,其實也很簡單,只要花上5分鐘的時間看看就可以領會,它就是分詞的壹種特殊形式,分詞要求主語壹致,而獨立主格則不然。比如:

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.

Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.

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