CiZao kiln product variety, the shape of diversity. The breed with life daily utensils for bulk, in addition to display device, building materials, etc. Life in the vessel is bowl, plate, lamp, disc, basin, bowls, wash, cans, cylinder, urn, pot, bottle, lamp, dishes, lamp, ZhiHu, water injection, army, must hold pillow etc, porcelain, Display device are furnace, sweet fume, vase, flowerpot, animals, plants and animals YanDi fractal model (such as lions, tigers, tortoise, toad, peach, etc), and other like such a piggy bank, waist, can artifacts, Building decoration materials, etc. Among them, huang painted iron army, the market, the decorative plate is green glair for export products, dragon urn is the most local characteristics.
The CiZao kiln chinaware TaiZhi general grayish, particle TaiZhi thicker, dense enough. Also because of this, the porcelain clay glair place more womb a yellowish-white makeup. But generally only half glaze, was in no glaze. Glaze can be classified into five categories, namely green glair, sauce black glaze, huang, green and yellow green glair glaze. Green glair in bowls, disc, lamp, port, basin, caddy, pot, ZhiHu, army, lamp, holding furnace, sweet fume, etc in green glair color; add brown under Many in the dark glaze sauce bowl, the lamp, lamp, cans, pot, ZhiHu, water injection, furnace waist, such as, some of the light side or bowl, the mouth ShiQing glaze, along the sauce black glazed, Yellow green glair is in bottles, cans, army, hold, water injection, basin, plate, furnace, pillow, birds and animals eat model, Some for the yellow color glaze, green glair, green glair is much "silver" return, Some are yellow and green glair with n a device. Adornment gimmick, picking flowers, there MoYin, DiaoLou, glazing and coloured drawing or pattern, etc. Decoration pattern has flowers (Ephraim, chrysanthemum, peony flowers, tangle, flowers, etc.), the grass (grass), the melon leng, melons, chicken, and stroke, YunLei, string equipment.the grain, the cloud, water color and spread point, especially in the dragon grain.
In the jinjiang county annals "have" China township, take a focal porcelain kiln, and the earth open BoZi, cylinder, the size of the urn what genera, and give the foot." The records. Based on the field investigation and CiZao kiln relevant archaeological data, in Japan and the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Kenya, south east Asia, southeast Asia etc. Nation in the east and have CiZao kiln products. In these countries, some of the museum, the museum collections often works, thus the kiln, CiZao kiln is an important area of export porcelain.
The army, bottle, ZhiHu, cans, disc is a song period of the main export products. Among them, the army is dedicated to people in southeast Asia and the religious activities, "Dragon" production since Ming dynastiy urn, follow, but also continuously domestic exports to southeast Asia. During the Ming and qing dynasties, CiZao to burn a daily ceramics, thick, with overseas Chinese still marketing of going abroad, porcelain making technology also spread throughout southeast, promote the development of local ceramic technology, such as the Philippines meters of land "neville" fires, CiZao WuXing overseas Chinese porcelain is taught. Until recently, still have many overseas Chinese in this camp, imparting ones.
CiZao kiln is China's southeastern coast, with the important export ceramic kilns, is a strong kiln of local characteristics and style of the kilns. Its location - near quanzhou harbor port, make its export condition is superior. At the same time, it is closely related to the rise in quanzhou port quanzhou in song and yuan dynasties, when the traffic and foreign trade reached its peak, is the development of CiZao kiln production period of prosperity. Some of the CiZao kiln product is specially designed for export and fire, such as army as may be to adapt to the southeast Asia and religious life of furnace burn CiZao artifacts, the products implement class colorful, although is extensive, but it should be pointed out that special features, CiZao kiln unearthed some porcelain sculpture, deep eye high nose figure, vividly reflected quanzhou sea port of song and yuan dynasties "rise in birth million."
But CiZao ceramic in Ming dynasty, because when the glazed products mainly of extinction, cylinder, pot, cans, disc, production and sale of demand, narrow. How to position yourself? ChongZou ancestors certainly not, then the path of people are turning to architectural ceramics. In 1979, CiZao WuJinShi people, through many thousands of practice in the ancient kiln burned modern glazed pottery. Since the start CiZao on real significance of ceramic enterprise, the development of extraordinary scale.
After more than ten years of development, CiZao town as the five big building ceramic production base, become one of national xinghuo regional ceramic materials pillar industrial technology innovation, national ceramics industry in fujian province, the demonstration base of science and technology, and has ShiFanZhen ceramic group, advanced kiln production line 15 more than 300. Output value over 100 million yuan of enterprise group has 6, the value of the enterprise has super million, the building materials CiZao 159 products sold throughout the country, the exterior wall tiles yield an equivalent to two thirds of the production. Almost the glazed tiles. CiZao town by an unknown technocrat rural town has become MinDongNa economic hub. For many years in fujian province and comprehensive economic strength strong town. June 2000, Chinese sanitary ceramics association awarded "China ceramic town" honorary title.
磁竈境內古窯址多沿溪分布,數量眾多,早在二十世紀五十年代,故宮博物院陳萬裏,馮先銘等先生就對磁竈窯進行過調查;其後,廈門大學人類博物館、泉州海外交通史博物館、福建省博物館、晉江縣博物館等單位的研究人員均對其進行了大量的調查工作,並進行過局部試掘,采集到大量標本,發現了南朝至清代的二十六處窯址。其中南朝窯址1處;唐、五代窯址6處;宋元時期窯址12處;清代窯址7處。宋元時期的蜘蛛山窯址、童子山窯址、土尾庵窯址、大坪山窯址統稱為磁竈窯址,列為福建省第壹批省級文物單位。南朝溪口山窯址、宋代金交椅山窯址列為晉江市級文物保護單位.
磁竈窯產品品種繁多,器形多樣。其品種以生活日用器皿為大宗,此外還有陳設器、建築材料等。生活日用器皿中有碗、盤、盞、碟、盆、缽、洗、罐、缸、甕、壺、瓶、燈、盂、盞托、執壺、水註、軍持、急須、瓷枕等;陳設器則有爐,香熏、花瓶、花盆、動物形硯滴、動植物模型(如獅、虎、龜、蟾蜍、壽桃、力士像等),以及其它如腰鼓、撲滿、鳥食罐等器物;建築材料有裝飾板等。其中,黃釉鐵繪花紋大盤、軍持、青釉碟是專供外銷的產品,龍甕是最具地方特色的。
磁竈窯瓷器的胎質壹般呈灰色,顆粒較粗,胎質不夠致密。也正因為此,瓷器胎土施釉處多上壹層黃白色化妝土。但壹般僅施半釉,器內無釉。釉可分為五大類,即青釉、醬黑釉、黃釉、綠釉與黃綠釉。青釉多見於碗、碟、盞、缽、盆、小罐、壺、執壺、軍持、燈、爐、香熏等器物,有的還在青釉下添加褐彩;醬黑釉多施於碗、盞、盞托、罐、壺、執壺、水註、爐、腰鼓等器物,有的如碗、盞裏側或口沿施青釉,外施醬黑釉;黃綠釉則見於瓶、壺、罐、軍持、水註、盆、盤、爐、枕、鳥食罐及動植物模型等;有的為單色的黃釉、綠釉,綠釉器多有“返銀”現象;有的則黃、綠釉同施壹器。裝飾手法有刻劃、剔花、模印、雕鏤、施釉及彩繪等。裝飾紋樣有花卉(蓮、菊、牡丹、纏枝花、折枝花等)、草葉(卷草)、瓜棱、瓜、鳳,以及篦劃、雲雷、弦紋、卷雲、水波及點彩、文字等,其中尤以龍紋最具特色。
在《晉江縣誌》中就有“瓷器出瓷竈鄉,取地土開窯,燒大小缽子、缸、甕之屬,甚饒足,並過洋。”的記載。通過對磁竈窯的實地調查和有關考古資料證實,歷年來日本、菲律賓、印度尼西亞、馬來西亞、新加坡、泰國、斯裏蘭卡、肯尼亞等東亞、東南亞、南亞和東非國家中多有磁竈窯產品出土。在這些國家的壹些博物館、美術館,常收藏有該窯作品,由此,證明磁竈窯是壹處重要的外銷陶瓷產地。
軍持、瓶、執壺、罐、碟等是宋元時期大量外銷的主要產品。其中,軍持是專門適應東南亞人民進行宗教活動需要而燒制的;“龍甕”的生產自宋明至今,沿襲不斷,除了內銷外還輸出到東南亞各國。明清時期,磁竈以燒制單壹的日用粗陶為主,仍運銷海外,隨著華僑的大批出國,制瓷技術也傳播南洋各地,促進當地陶瓷工藝的發展,例如菲律賓米岸燒制的“文奈”瓷器,就是磁竈吳姓華僑傳授的。直到近代,仍有眾多華僑在海外操營此業,傳授技藝。
磁竈窯是我國東南沿海地區,以燒造外銷陶瓷為主的重要窯口,是具有濃量的地方特色和時代風格的民窯。它所處的地理位置---瀕臨泉州港口岸,使其外銷條件優越。同時,它與泉州港的興衰密切相關,當泉州在宋元時期對外交通和貿易達到鼎盛的時候,也正是磁竈窯生產發展昌盛的時期。磁竈窯的某些產品是專門為外銷而燒造的,如軍持等可能是為適應東南亞各地宗教性生活而接受的定燒器物,磁竈窯的產品器類豐富多彩,雖然比較粗放但卻頗具特色,特別應指出的,磁竈窯出土的壹些瓷雕塑,深目高鼻的人物形象,生動地反映了泉州港宋元時期“漲海聲中萬國商”的景象。
但磁竈的陶瓷在明清之後,由於宋時釉彩等工藝的的失傳,產品主要以缸、壺、罐、碟為主,生產和銷路窄小,市場需求低。如何定位自己?重走祖輩們的老路肯定不行,於是人們把目光投向了建築陶瓷。1979年,磁竈人吳金世,歷經多次的實踐終於在千百年的古窯裏燒出了現代的釉面磚。磁竈從此開始了真正意義上的跨越,建陶企業得到了超常規模的發展。
經過十幾年艱苦的發展,磁竈鎮作為全國5大建築陶瓷生產基地之壹,成為國家級星火區域性陶瓷建材支柱產業區、國家級技術創新陶瓷工業示範基地、福建省第三批科技示範鎮,目前,擁有建陶集團15家,先進輥道窯生產線300多條。產值超億元的企業集團有6家,產值超千萬元的企業有159家,磁竈的建材產品暢銷全國各地,外墻磚產量壹項就相當於全國產量的三分之二。琉璃瓦幾乎壟斷全國的市場。磁竈鎮由原來名不見經傳的鄉村小鎮壹躍成為閩東南經濟重鎮。連續多年綜合經濟實力位居福建省10強鄉鎮前列。2000年6月,被中國建築衛生陶瓷協會授予“中國陶瓷重鎮”榮譽稱號。