Retreating about Thirty Miles as Condition For Peace
During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.), Duke Xian of the State of Jin Killed the crown prince Sheng because he had heard slanders about Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chong Er, Shen Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chonh Er, Shen Sheng's brother. Hearing the news, Chong Er escaped from the state of Jin, remaining a fugitive for more than ten years.
After innumerable hardships, Chong Er arrived at the State of Chu at last. King Cheng of the State of Chu treated him with high respect as he would have treated the ruler of a state, believing that he would have a vright fuure.
One day, King Cheng of the State of Chu gave a banquet in honoudr of Chong Er. Suddenly, amid the harmonious atmosphere of drinking and talking, King Cheng of the State of Chu asked Chong Er. "How will you repay me when you return to the State of Jin and become its ruler one day?" After thinking for a moment, Chong Er said, "You have plenty of beauties and attendants as well as jewelry and silk cloth, and the state of Chu abounds in rare brides and animals. What treasure can the State of Jin boast having to present to your majesty?" King Cheng of the State of Chu said, "You are too modest. Nevertheless, you still have to show your gratitude to me in one way or another, I presume?" Smiling, Chong Er answered, "If I should be fortunate enouge to return to the State of Jin and become its ruler, the State of Jin would be friendly to the State of Chu. If, one day, there should be a war between the two states, I would definitely order my troops to retreat three SHE (one SHE is equivalent to thirty LI. The LI is a Chinese unit of length equivalent to 1/2 kilometre. And, therefore, three SHE is about thirty miles.) as a condition for peace. If, under that condition, you were still not reconciled, I would have to fight with you."
Four years later, as might be expected, Chong Er returned to the State of Jin and became its ruler. He was none other than Duke Wen of the State of Jin famous in ancient Chinese history. Ruled by him, the State of Jin became increasingly powerful.
In the year 533 B.C., the Chu troops and the Jin troops confronted each other in a battle. Faithful to his promise, Duke Wen of the State of Jin ordered his troops to retreat about thirty miles. After retreating, the Jin troops were stationed at Chengpu. Seeing that the Jin troops were retreating, the Chu troops thought that the enemy troops were afraid, and began chasing them. Taking advantage of the Chu troops' arrogance and their talking the Jin troops lightly, the Jin troops concentrated their forces and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Chu troops, thus winning the victory of the battle of Chengpu.
This set phrase, "retreating about thirty miles as a condition for peace," is derived from the Chapter "The Twenty-second Year of Duke Xi" in ZuoZhuan, the famous commentary by Zuo Qiuming on The spring and Autumn Annals. The idea of this set phrase is to give way to somebody in order to avoid a conflict.
退避三舍
退縮約三十英裏， 在春秋時期（公元前770-476年）的和平條件 ，杜克西安晉國殺害皇太子盛，因為他聽說誣蔑盛，並相信他們。他還派他的手下逮捕，沈盛重耳，並相信他們。他還派他的手下逮捕Chonh呃，申生的弟弟。重耳聞訊，逃出了晉國，其余的逃犯十余年。 經過千辛萬苦，重耳來到楚國最後。景程的楚國與崇高的敬意，因為他會處理壹個國家的統治者對待他，相信，他會有vright fuure。 有壹天，景程的楚國設宴招待重耳honoudr 。突然，在壹片和諧的氣氛中，喝酒和說話，景程的楚國問重耳。“妳將如何報答我，當妳回到晉國，成為它的統治者嗎？” 沈吟了片刻後，重耳說：“妳有很多美女和服務員，以及珠寶和絲綢布，楚國盛產罕見的新娘和動物什麽珍奇呈現給晉國誇大王呢？“ 楚國的成王說，“妳太謙虛了，不過，妳仍然有這樣或那樣的顯示您的感謝我，我相信嗎？” ，重耳笑著回答，“如果我應該幸運enouge，回到晉國，成為它的統治者，晉國楚是友好國家，假如有壹天，應該有之間的戰爭兩種狀態，我肯定會命令軍隊撤退三個SHE（壹舍等於三十裏。LI是壹個長度單位，相當於中國1/2公裏，因此，她是大約30英裏。）和平條件，在該條件下，如果妳仍然不甘心，我跟妳拼了。“ 四年後，可以預料，重耳回到晉國，成為它的統治者。他以外，沒有晉國在中國古代歷史上著名的晉文公。他統治，晉國日益強大， 在公元前633年，楚國和晉國的軍隊在壹次戰鬥中面對對方。忠實晉國的晉文公為了實現他許下的諾言，下令軍隊撤退大約30英裏。撤退後，晉國的軍隊駐紮在城濮。楚軍見晉軍後退，以為敵軍害怕，開始追逐他們。晉國的軍隊利用楚軍的囂張氣焰和他們坦率的談話晉國的軍隊掉以輕心，集中他們的力量和，造成大敗楚軍，從而贏得了城濮之戰的勝利。 這個成語，“撤退約30英裏和平條件“，是源於章”第二十二屆年在著名評論左丘明“左傳”，春秋公羊傳“僖公。這組短語的想法是，為了避免沖突，讓位給別人。