Title: The SME Financing Gap: theory and Evidence
Source: Financial Market Trends; Oct2006,Issue 91,p87-97,9p
經合組織（OECD）國家以及全世界範圍內的中小企業的急劇變化性的發展，使這些國家很有必要審視和改革其企業融資的整個框架。
結論
數據的缺乏阻礙了中小企業在經合組織和非經合組織經濟體的財政狀況的全面分析。
新興市場國家的融資缺口普遍高於經合組織國家，但許多經合組織國家存在ISME的融資缺口。整體宏觀經濟的法律，法規和財政體制，是中小企業獲得資金的關鍵因素。
中小型企業及其缺乏融資所需的市場信息和專業性的融資技巧能力。
在對中小企業的進行放貸的業務方面，現代市場為基礎的銀行模式比更關註海外競爭的高度集中控制的銀行更有競爭優勢。
新興經濟體需要加強對中小企業的誘因，以使其發展更規範化。
壹種研究商貿聯系的有效框架是壹個有效的ISME融資的重要前提條件。
建議
政府可以在支持中小企業發展方面起到重要作用，特別是，在經濟蕭條時和不完全市場經濟情況下，而這種不完全市場經濟將嚴重阻礙為中小企業提供充足現金流或提供中小企業發展所需的最少融資額。
政府關於促進中小企業發展的舉措應當有側重性，將提高市場效率足以來提供和激活市場為中小企業融資作為目標。
公***政策要加強對來自官方的融資方案規劃，為私人投資者提供企業家和銀行範圍的認識。
遵守在風險分擔方面的原則，專項資金只流向相關的企業，銀行，以及和大學有合作夥伴關系的企業。
稅收制度不應對中小企業不利。
如有需要，銀行系統應進行改革，以符合市場所依據的原則。
各國政府應確定所涉及到的資本是否是正規的市場風險資本（通常稱為“商業天使”），可通過政府的運作更有效率地描述技術支持。
國家政策應鼓勵儲蓄的多樣性和機構投資者的靈活調節性。
市場操作規範應當充分發揮企業國內外的高效率運作。
法律，稅收和監管框架應審查，以確保市場環境是鼓勵創業資本的發展的，包括出口機會。
The sharply varying levels of development of SME sectors in OECD countries and worldwide makes it imperative for those countries where the sector is lagging to review and reform their entire frameworks for entrepreneurial finance.
Conclusions
A lack of data impedes a complete analysis of the financial situation of SMEs in OECD and non-OECD economies.
Financing gaps are more pervasive in emerging markets than in OECD countries,but many OECD countries have financing gaps for ISMEs.
The overall macroeconomic legal,regulatory and financial framework is the critical determinant of SMEs' access to finance.
SMEs have significant gaps in the information and skills needed to access external finance.
The modern market-based model of banking is more likely to work to the advantage of SMEs than highly controlled banking that is closed to foreign competition.
Emerging economies need to strengthen incentives for SMEs to move into the formal sector.
An effective framework for research-commerce linkages is a critical precondition for effective ISME finance.
Recommendations
Governments can play an important role in supporting the SME sector,in particular,in cases of market failures and incomplete markets that inhibit the provision of adequate financing or financing on terms suitable for the stage of SME development.
Government measures to promote SMEs should be carefully focused,aiming at making markets work efficiently and at providing incentives for the private sector to assume an active role in SME finance.
Public policy should improve awareness among entrepreneurs of the range of financing options available from official programmes,private investors, and banks.
The principle of risk sharing should be observed,committing official funds only in partnership with those of entrepreneurs,banks,businesses or universities.
The tax system should not inadvertently place SMEs at a disadvantage.
Where necessary,banking systems should be reformed in line with market-
based principles.
Governments should determine whether the market for informal risk capital (often described as"business angels")can be made to operate more efficiently through government technical support.
National policies should encourage diverse forms of institutional savings and institutional investors should be regulated flexibly.
The market for corporate control should be allowed to function efficiently for both domestic and foreign entities.
The legal,tax and regulatory framework should be reviewed in order to assure that the environment encourages the development of venture capital,including opportunities for exit.