教案 Lesson plans
壹、中國畫的歷史及分類 First, the history of Chinese painting and classification
中國畫是為了區別於西方輸入的油畫（又稱西洋畫）等外國繪畫而稱之為中國畫，簡稱國畫。 Chinese painting is to import oil from the West (also known as the Western painting), and other foreign referred to as Chinese painting and drawing, or painting. 中國畫歷史悠久，遠在2000多年前的戰國時期就出現了畫在絲織品上的繪畫——帛畫（龍鳳人物圖），這之前又有原始巖畫（人面像）和彩陶畫《鸛魚石斧》。 Chinese painting has a long history, far more than 2000 years ago in the Warring States period, there have been painting in the painting on silk - Bo Hua (dragon and phoenix figures chart), and prior to the original rock (like the face) and painted pottery painting, "Stork axes fish." 中國畫按其使用材料和表現方法，又可細分為水墨畫、重彩、淺絳、工筆、寫意、白描等；中國畫按照題材分三大畫科---人物畫、山水畫、花鳥畫。 Chinese painting their use of materials and methods of performance, but also for the breakdown of the ink, re-color, Qianjiang, fine brushwork, freehand brushwork, and so on Baimiao; Chinese painting in accordance with sub-themes of the three branches --- painting portraits, landscapes, bird and flower painting. 中國畫在思想內容和藝術創作上，反映了中華民族的社會意識和審美情趣，集中體現了中國人對自然、社會及與之相關聯的政治、哲學、宗教、道德、文藝等方面的認識。 Chinese painting in the ideological content and artistic creation, reflects Chinese people's awareness of social and aesthetic appeal, embodies the Chinese people on the natural, social and associated with the political, philosophical, religious, moral, artistic, and so on.
中國畫是用中國所獨有的毛筆、水墨和顏料，依照長期形成的表現形式及藝術法則而創作出的繪畫。 Chinese painting is unique to the Chinese writing brush, ink and paint, in accordance with long-standing rule and artistic form of expression and creation of a painting.
二、中國畫的工具、材料和使用方法 Second, Chinese painting tools, materials and methods of use
1、調色工具：以白色的瓷器制品較佳，調色或調墨應準備小碟子數個，除色以梅花盤及層碟較理想，不同的顏料應該分開儲放。 1, the tool palette: white porcelain products better, or color ink should be prepared to transfer a number of small dishes, with the exception of color with plum-disc set and a better, different color should be stored separately.
貯水盂：盛水作洗筆或供應清水之用，亦以白色瓷器為較佳。 Cup water storage: water for washing or pens use water supply, also white porcelain for the better.
畫氈：襯在畫桌上，可以防止墨滲透將畫沾汙，鋪紙後畫面也不易被筆將紙擦壞。 Carpet painting: painting on the table in the liner to prevent infiltration of ink painting will be stained, the paper shop after the screen is not easily wipe pen to paper bad.
筆：筆分硬毫與軟毫兩類，狼毫、紫毫等為硬毫。 Pen: Pen cents at hardware and software categories cents, Lang Hao, for hardware such as Zihao cents. 特點是有彈性、吸水少、流水快，畫線條挺直、流暢，易畫枯筆。 Characterized by a flexible, less water, fast flowing water, drawing straight lines, smooth and easy to dry paint pen. 羊毫為軟毫特點是吸水量多，流水慢，畫出的墨色滋潤、圓渾，濃淡變化明顯。 Yang Hao cents for soft water is characterized by multi-volume, slow-flowing water, the color of the draw moisture, Yuanhun, obvious changes in the value of the concentration.
墨硯：墨用油煙墨，硯以磨出細膩發黑的墨為好。 Yan Mexico: Mexico by fumes from Mexico, Mo Chu Yan in the delicate black ink for good. 現在用的墨汁如壹得閣也能畫出相應的效果。 Now with the Court must act in the same ink can also draw the corresponding results.
紙：寫意用的紙是生宣紙，在眾多的種類中以徽宣紙最好，能表現墨色變化效果。 Paper: The paper is a decent-sheng paper, in many types of paper so as to the best logo, to effect changes in the performance of the color.
顏料：國畫顏料分礦物質顏料與植物顏料兩類。 Color: color painting sub-mineral pigment plant and two types of paint. 礦物質顏料有赭石、朱砂、石青、石綠等，植物顏料有藤黃（有毒，不要放入口中）胭脂、花青等色。 There are mineral pigments ocher, Cinnabar, Shiqing, green, and so Gamboge a paint plant (toxic, not to mouth) rouge, such as anthocyanin color. 此外，還有人工合成的鉛粉（鋅白）朱膘等色。 In addition, there are synthetic Lead (zinc white) colors, such as Zhu fat. 礦物質色厚重，有覆蓋性。 Mineral rich color, there is coverage. 植物色也叫水色，透明色薄。 Also known as Color plant color, transparent color thin.
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