1947年壹個牧羊童在死海西北端的昆蘭地區洞窟的大甕中發現的大批羊皮紙卷，後來引發壹些調查隊去調查尋找，找到了更多的資料。考古學家進行大規模的挖掘和搜索，壹***獲得古卷六百余卷及成千上萬的文物殘片，以放射性同位素測得確認其年代於公元前167至233年之間，是世界現存的最古老的《聖經》抄本。現今大部分是由以色列博物館當"國寶"收藏。之所以稱為卷，是因大多是書寫在獸皮上， 而且因年代的關系，大多已成碎片，而且大多和郵票差不多大。《死海文書》全古卷卷帙浩繁，***用希伯來文、亞蘭文、希臘文、拉丁文四種文字寫成，內容可分為兩大部分。第壹部份是希伯來的《聖經》、《次經》、《偽經》的抄本，第二部份是昆蘭社團成員遺留下來的各種文獻，可分為《訓導手冊》、《聖經註釋卷》、《戰爭卷》、《感恩卷》、《聖殿卷》五部份。它的內容與聖經有部分相異，還有有很後來才放入的文獻和壹些像是"理論"的文獻。除了現今可以對照確定的部份外，到底是當時的惡作劇或是某教派教徒的著作， 難以確定。在《新世紀福音戰士》中描述的《死海文書》主要涉及使徒的出現與人類，在最終章節記載了"約束之日"時第三次浩劫會降臨，所有的人類完全滅亡。
裏死海文書介紹（INSIDE DEAD SEA SCROLL）：
《裏死海文書》是Seele 執行"人類補完計劃"的具體規程，裏面詳細記錄了計劃的全部過程。Seele 為了阻止神毀滅他們所建造的千年王國，決定要背叛神，消滅使徒。他們是想將EVA與亞當置於自己的支配之下， 利用其為兵器，在地上建立神國。碇源堂、冬月幸增、碇唯看穿了 Seele 的目的，不斷破壞計劃。Seele的再生計劃雖然持續的進行著，但釘在十字架上的莉莉斯已不再有靈魂，不但欺瞞了 Seele，也騙過了使徒。但執行儀式用的禦制亞當的隆基亞斯之槍被意見分歧的碇源堂以與使徒作戰不得已的借口，由零號機拋到了月球軌道，處於不可回收的狀態。Seele也已無法對亞當作任何的控制了。 所以到最後Seele索性將使徒直接送來， 想令莉莉斯以自爆來消滅NERV。
死海文書中英文對譯：
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英文譯本：
And according to his insight he shall admit him. In this way both his love and his hatred. No man shall argue or quarrel with the men of perdition. He shall keep his council in secrecy in the midst of the men of deceit and admonish with knowledge, truth and righteous commandment those of chosen conduct, each according to his spiritual quality and according to the norm of time. He shall guide them with knowledge and instruct them in the mysteries of wonder and truth in the midst of the members of the community, so that they shall behave decently with one another in all that has been revealed to them. That is the time for studying the Torah (lit. clearing the way) in the wilderness. He shall instruct them to do all that is required at that time, and to separate from all those who have not turned aside from all deceit.
These are the norms of conduct for the Master in those times with respect to his loving and to his everlasting hating of the men of perdition in a spirit of secrecy. He shall leave to them property and wealth and earnings like a slave to his lord, (showing) humility before the one who rules over him. He shall be zealous concerning the Law and be prepared for the Day of Revenge.
He shall perform the will [of God] in all his deeds and in all strength as He has commanded. He shall freely delight in all that befalls him, and shall desire nothing except God's will...
中文譯本：
按照他將要包容自己的洞察力這樣包容他所有的愛和恨，每人會去與地獄的人爭論或爭吵。他將把他的政廳秘密地設在詐騙犯中間並用知識去勸誘他們，讓他們去選擇真理與正義戒律的行為。他們會追隨他神聖的地位並都將遵守時間的法則。他將用知識去引導他們，在行業中教育他們求知，在社團成員中讓他們明白真理。這樣他們會對每壹個曾經搶掠過他們的人舉止寬容。那是學習torah（猶太教的全部經文--譯者註）所需要的時間--為荒野掃清道路。他將教育他們去做那時需要的全部，並且與那些還沒轉變過來的詐騙流氓絕交。這是品行的法則，是主人那時尊敬地對他所愛的與永遠憎恨的人的守則，是對地獄的人們的守則，是秘密的靈魂。他將像上帝的奴仆壹樣離開財富與利潤，在有人為他制訂法則前表現得謙卑，他將對法律變得熱情並準備著復仇的那壹天
當他成為主宰時，他會不擇手段地用全部力量去履行上帝的旨意，他將使壹切降臨在自己身上的事變得愉快，並且他會毫無所求除非上帝需要......
英文譯本：
經文卷軸
Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (8)
1.until sunset on the eighth day. And concerning [the impurity] of
2.the [dead] person we are of the opinion that every bone, whether it
3.has its flesh on it or not--should be (treated) according to the law of the dead or the slain.
4.And concerning the mixed marriages that are being performed among the people, and they are sons of holy [seed],
5.as is written, Israel is holy. And concerning his (Israel's) [clean] animal
6.it is written that one must not let it mate with another species, and concerning his clothes [it is written that they should not]
7.be of mixed stuff; and one must not sow his field and vineyard with mixed species.
8.Because they (Israel) are holy, and the sons of Aaron are [most holy.]
9.But you know that some of the priests and [the laity intermingle]
10.[And they] adhere to each other and pollute the holy seed
11.as well as their (i.e. the priests') own [seed] with corrupt women. Since [the sons of Aaron should...]
中文譯本：
權威的古猶太禮法：
直到第8日的日落時分，我們認為每個人的屍體都是不潔的。
不管屍體還有沒有肉，它都必須被認作已經追隨了死亡或兇手的法律。
已構成婚姻的人們，他們都是聖種之子，這樣，上帝的選民（譯者註：即猶太人）是神聖的。
上帝選民的聖潔的動物，不能讓它們與其他種類交配。上帝選民的衣物，不能讓它與其他材料交織。上帝選民的土地和葡萄園，不能播種其他的東西。
因為上帝選民是神聖的，他是最神聖的亞倫之子（譯者註：亞倫，摩西之兄，猶太教第壹祭司長）。
但妳知道壹些僧侶與俗人結合，他們互相附著，僧侶和腐壞的女人在壹起，褻瀆了僧侶神聖的種子。直到亞倫的兒子門必須（譯者註：經文卷軸至此破殘）
歷法卷軸
英文譯本：
1.[on the first {day} in {the week of} Jedaiah {which falls} on the tw]elfth in it {the seventh month}. On the second {day} in {the week of} Abiah {which falls} on the twenty- f[ifth in the eighth {month}; and duqah {is} on the third] {day}
2.[in {the week of} Miyamin {which falls} on the twelfth] in it {the eighth month}. On the third {day} in {the week of} Jaqim {which falls} on the twen[ty-fourth in the ninth {month}; and duqah {is} on the fourth] {day}
3.[in {the week of} Shekania {which falls} on the eleven]th in it {the ninth month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week of} Immer {which falls} on the twe[n]ty-third in the te[nth {month}; and duqah {is} on the sixth {day} in {the week of} Je]shbeab {which falls}
4.[on the tenth in] it {the tenth month}. On the [si]xth {day} in {the week of} Jehezkel {which falls} on the twenty-second in the eleventh month [and duqah {is on the} Sabbath in] {the week of} Petahah {which falls}
5.[on the ninth in it {the eleventh month}]. On the first {day} in {the week of} Joiarib {which falls} on the t[w]enty-second in the twelfth month; and [duqah {is} on the seco]nd {day} in {the week of} Delaiah {which falls}
6.[on the ninth in it {the twelfth month}. vacat The] se[cond] {year}: The first {month}. On the sec[on]d {day} in {the week of} Malakiah {which falls} on the tw[entieth in it {the first month}; and] duqah {is}
7.[on the third {day} in {the week of} Harim {which falls} on the seventh] in it {the first month}. On the fou[r]th {day} in {the week of} Jeshua {which falls} [on] the twentieth in the second {month}; and [duqah {is} on the fifth {day} in {the week of]} Haqqos {which falls} on the seventh
8.[in it {the second month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week of} Huppah {which falls} on the nine]teenth in the third {month}; and duqa[h] {is} on the six[th {day} in {the week of} Happisses {which falls}
中文譯本：
在7月12日Jedaiah降臨的第壹日
在8月25日Abiah降臨的第二日
Duqah是8月12日Miyamin降臨之周的第三日
在9月24誒Jaqim降臨之周的第三日
Duquh是9月11日Shekania降臨之周的第四日
在10月23日Immer降臨之周的第五日
Duqah是11月9日Shbeab降臨之周的第六日
在11月22日Hehezkel降臨的第六日
Duqah是11月9日Peahah降臨之周的安息日
在12月22日Joiarib降臨之周的第壹日
Duqah是12月9日Delaiah降臨之周的第二日
轉出第二年：第壹個月，在1月20日Malakiah降臨之周的第二日
Duqah是1月7日Harim降臨之周的第三日
在2月20日Jeshua降臨之周的第四日
Duqah是2月7日Haqqos降臨之周的第五日
在3月19日Huppah降臨之周的第五日
Duqah是（譯者註：卷軸破殘）Happisses降臨之周的第六日
（譯者註：歷法卷軸至此破殘）
聖歌卷軸
英文譯本：
1.Column 19: Plea for Deliverance (A Noncanonical Psalm)
2.Surely a maggot cannot praise thee nor a grave worm recount thy loving-kindness.
3.But the living can praise thee, even those who stumble can laud thee. In revealing
4.thy kindness to them and by thy righteousness thou dost enlighten them. For in thy hand is the soul of every
5.living thing; the breath of all flesh hast thou given. Deal with us, O LORD,
6.according to thy goodness, according to thy great mercy, and according to thy many righteous deeds. The LORD
7.has heeded the voice of those who love his name and has not deprived them of his loving-kindness.
8.Blessed be the LORD, who executes righteous deeds, crowning his saints
9.with loving-kindness and mercy. My soul cries out to praise thy name, to sing high praises
10.for thy loving deeds, to proclaim thy faithfulness--of praise of thee there is no end. Near death
11.was I for my sins, and my iniquities have sold me to the grave; but thou didst save me,
12.O LORD, according to thy great mercy, and according to thy many righteous deeds. Indeed have I
13.loved thy name, and in thy protection have I found refuge. When I remember thy might my heart
14.is brave, and upon thy mercies do I lean. Forgive my sin, O LORD,
15.and purify me from my iniquity. Vouchsafe me a spirit of faith and knowledge, and let me not be dishonored
16.in ruin. Let not Satan rule over me, nor an unclean spirit; neither let pain nor the evil
17.inclination take possession of my bones. For thou, O LORD, art my praise, and in thee do I hope
18.all the day. Let my brothers rejoice with me and the house of my father, who are astonished by the graciousness...
19.[ ] For e[ver] I will rejoice in thee.
中文譯本：
為了解救的訴訟（壹首Nocanonical聖歌）
壹只蛆蟲當然不能贊美妳，壹只屍蟲也不能例舉妳的慈愛
但活著的人們能贊美妳，甚至是陷入迷途的人們也能贊美妳！
在啟示中，妳用妳的正直和對他們的仁慈啟蒙了他們，因為在妳手心裏的是
每個生靈的靈魂！
所有妳給予呼吸的肉體，安排我們，噢，上帝！
按照妳的仁慈，按照妳的寬恕，按照妳正義的行為
上帝已經註意到了珍愛名聲與良知未泯的人們的聲音
神聖的上帝履行正義的行為，用仁慈和寬恕為他的聖徒冠禮
我的靈魂脫離了出來贊頌妳的名字
為妳爭議的行為而高唱頌歌，來宣布對妳虔誠永不會停止
我的罪孽曾經使我接近死亡，我的邪惡把我出賣給了屍蟲，但妳拯救了我！
噢，上帝。按照妳偉大的寬恕，按照妳正義的行為
我真正地愛著妳的名字，在妳的保護下我得到了庇護。當我想到妳的力量，我的心就會變得勇敢，並且依靠於妳的寬恕。原諒我的罪孽，噢，上帝。
並且洗清我的罪惡，賜予我信念和學識的靈魂，請別讓我在墮落正感到恥辱，別讓撒旦和不聖潔的信念控制我，別讓痛苦和邪惡占據了我的骨頭。
噢，上帝，這是我的贊美，日日夜夜對妳的贊美！
讓我的兄弟為我而欣喜，讓父親壹家為我的禮貌而驚訝......
[]我將永遠為妳感到高興
死海文書 英文版
Dead Sea Scrolls Exhibit
Scrolls from the Dead Sea Exhibition
From the discovery of the earliest known recorded biblical scrolls and related artifacts in the caves above the Dead Sea, the Dead Sea Scrolls have held an aura of mystery and swirled with controversies. Project Judaica Foun dation, in partnership with the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), the Isra el government agency in charge of all the archeological digs and artifacts t hroughout Israel, brought the Dead Sea Scrolls to the public's view with fiv e world-class exhibitions held around the globe including the Vatican.
The Director of the IAA, the indefatigable General Amir Drori (Ret.) and the Assistant Director, Jacob Fisch, approached this Foundation to determine whether it would be possible to create and display an exhibition of selected fragments of the Dead Sea Scrolls at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Having just completed another amazing exhibition at the Library, "From the Ends of the Earth," the stage was set for this astounding show.
The Librarian of Congress, Dr. James Billington, was immediately interes ted in the exhibition of this scope and agreed to exhibit the Dead Sea Scrol l fragments. Twelve of the most interesting scroll fragments became the core of the exhibition and were surrounded with related artifacts including jars in which the scrolls were found after being preserved by the low humidity of the region. Tefillim boxes and straps, sandals believed to belong to the scr ibes, coins from the period, various pottery of the period from the area Wri tten on leather over 2,000 years ago in Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic, these scr olls are the earliest known biblical manuscripts. They include portions of a ll of the five Books of Moses as well as the writings by the Essenes sect.
The IAA's rich materials were complimented by special pieces from the Li brary of Congress' vast holding from the Hebraic, Map, and other collection s. The Library's world-class in-house staff of conservators, curators and sc holars became deeply engaged in applying their skills to choose the items fr om their divisions. The Library's additions included one of the few extant G utenberg bibles and some of the earliest known maps which oriented the publi c to the sites and the region. The maps also gave insight into the views of the early pioneering cartographers of the Fifteenth Century and how they per ceived the lands and events of the Biblical era.
Early incunabula (the earliest known printed books) and their later mech anically printed books along with the various commentaries through the centu ries all keyed to the passages from the scroll fragments on display. These i ncluded early writings of Pliny, Philo and Josephus among others allowing co mparisons of texts as well as historical contexts.
Each venue faced the very difficult issue of lighting the exhibit with o ut endangering the highly sensitive scroll fragments which could be damaged irrevocably by exposure to bright light. The skilled staff at the Library of Congress created a low intensity lighting system which was activated only wh en a visitor stood before the scroll fragment case automatically switching o ff as the visitor moved away.
The design staff, augmented by a talented consultant, recreated the feelings of the period with wall coverings emulating the stone of the caves above the Dead Sea and the pink stones of Jerusalem making the setting truly unforgettable. Visitors were dazzled by being able to actually see and read the 2,000 year old texts which so many knew from present-day study of their own bibles by all faiths. Large color photographs within the exhibition made visitors feel as if they were actually entering the very area of the caves at Qumran.
To help visitors who wanted to learn the complexities of the story of the scrolls meanings, an audio guide was presented for use thus making the entire exhibition totally visitor friendly regardless of level of knowledge.
This exhibition had the largest attendance of any exhibition in over the 215 year history of the Library of Congress. The crowds had to be controlled by time-stamped tickets which still resulted in long lines sometime two to three long blocks long.
This opening coincided with the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in April, 1993. As a consequence, many heads of state including the President and Foreign Minister of Israel along with twenty other heads of state toured the exhibition along with the staffs and members of both the House of Representatives and Senate, Supreme Court and Executive Branch lead by the White House.
Since this exhibit elicited such support from donors and great public interest, arrangements were then made to travel the fragments to the New York Public Library where equal interest resulted. The San Francisco de Young Fine Arts Museum was the third venue where extensive collateral public programming was developed for school children, bible study groups and the general public. Time tickets were implemented as well to manage the huge response from the public.
In the meanwhile, Jacob Fisch, of the IAA, quietly began discussions with Father Leonard Boyle, the Director of the Vatican Library to determine interest in displaying the fragments at the Sistine Gallery (Salone Sistine) at the Vatican. On the June 30, 1994, with great and dignified ceremony, Secretary of State of the Vatican, Cardinal Sodano, presiding, the exhibition of Scrolls from the Dead Sea was opened for the public. There were 18 cardinals and 28 ranking archbishops present. Jacob Fisch, Mark Talisman, President of Project Judaica and Mrs. Barbro Osher of San Francisco, CA spoke after the Secretary of State and Father Boyle.
Mr. Talisman presented the highly regarded and valued facsimile of the Washington Haggadah to the Secretary of State of the Vatican and Father Leonard Boyle to be placed in the Vatican Library.
The timing of this exhibition of the Dead Sea Scrolls was carefully planned to coincide with the arrival of the very first Ambassador from Israel to the Vatican which happily allowed both sides to celebrate through this ground-breaking exhibition. Displayed adjacent to the Sistine Chapel, eighteen thousand visitors a day saw the Vatican exhibition of the Dead Sea Scrolls!
Finally, upon leaving the Vatican, the Scroll fragments returned to the Israel Museum along with the various objects added to the exhibit by the Vatican Museum including early Torah scrolls over a thousand years old, and many other texts and illustrations and maps. This special exhibit augmented the Shrine of the Book Isaiah exhibit for several months at the Israel Museum for the large and enthusiastic public in Israel.
This exhibition would have not been possible without the generosity and abiding moral support of Bernard and Barbro Osher and the Osher Foundation of San Francisco. Phyllis Cook, Director of the San Francisco Jewish Federation Endowment was the person most responsible to provide encouragement when no other options appeared to be available. A special thank you for Jacob Fisch unquenchable thirst for creative and exciting opportunities to bring Israel rich archaeological collections to the public's view.