family background/ wealth/ occupation/education
家庭背景/財富/職業/教育
那麽結合維基百科等網絡資源和課堂教學，和大家分享壹下具體階層分類
I、Informal classifications and stereotypes 非正式的等級劃分
1.Underclass--- people who are "chronically unemployed", and in many instances have been for generations.
Typical characteristics are:
?Long-term unemployment, sometimes for generations.
?Living in council housing.
下層階級--指長期無業，甚至歷代貧困潦倒的人們，常常住在市建廉租房中.
2.Working class---people would work as ?manual labourers or would be skilled industrial jobs or tradesmen, traditionally in the construction and manufacturing industry.
Typical characteristics are:
No higher education?‘Blue collar jobs’
-unskilled and semi-skilled jobs often in industry, e.g. factories,mills, mines, etc.
-skilled jobs, e.g.self-employed contractors, construction, plumbing, etc.
?Regional accents
工人階級--常指體力勞動者或者從事建築及手工行業。典型特點是受教育水平不高，常常是藍領工作者。煤礦工人，建築工人，鉛工業工人等等。常常有地域口音。
3. Middle class-The middle class in Britain often consists of people with tertiary education and may have been educated in either state or private schools.
Typical characteristics are:
Good education, e.g. university degree?Typical jobs include accountants, architects, solicitors, surveyors, social workers, teachers, managers, specialist IT workers, engineers, doctors, university-educated nurses and civil servants.
?Often own a property
?They also value culture and make up a significant proportion of the book-buying and theatre-going public.
中產階級--受過高等教育的人群。行業領域涉及會計，建築師，律師、測量員、社區服務、教師、經理、專業IT，工程師，醫生，護士、公務員等。他們大多擁有房產，並且對文化和藝術有壹定的追求，會將收入的壹部分用來買書、看話劇等。
4. Upper class--The British "upper class" is statistically very small and consists of the peerage ,gentry and hereditary landowners, among others.
Typical characteristics are:
?The Royal Family
?The aristocracy ?(inherited ?titles ,eg ?Duke, Earl ?and land from family )
?Historically landowner ,whose wealth came from land
Upper class values ;good social background ,good manners,well-sppken (RP accent ) Often educated in particular public schools , eg ?Eton上層階級---占據人口比例很小，通常是皇室貴族。他們可能從家族世襲爵位或是繼承土地，有良好的社會背景和文明的禮儀，是少數說標準純正英式發音的壹群人，大多在類似伊頓公學的學校讀書。
II、Formal classification 正式分類
先參考以下兩個時代
20世紀
21世紀
接下來重點解讀2013年， BBC經過對16萬英格蘭當地居民調查後的結果
BBC Lab UK study（2013）The BBC Lab UK study
(2013) suggests that class has three dimensions - economic, social and cultural:
?economic capital - income, savings, house value
?social capital - the number and status of people someone knows.
?cultural capital -the extent and nature of cultural interests and activities.
等級分類跨越三個維度——經濟，社會和文化
經濟資本——收入，存款，房屋價值
社會資本——社交圈的人數和地位
文化資本——文化興趣與活動的範疇和特性
綜合考慮以上三個維度，請在以下分類中對號入座
以上七個階級在社會中占有比例如下：
下圖為年收入、工作種類、教育水平、居住地點和文化背景的統計圖。
這節課給我最大的啟示，是英國人對於社交和文化的重視。我想這是我們需要借鑒的地方，從小培養我們的孩子在藝術和生活中尋找快樂，才不至於在日漸富足的社會形勢下迷失方向，逐漸失去對生活的熱情。興趣愛好的培養，是壹個人最大的精神財富。當我們學會了洗盡鉛華之後的享受孤獨，才會真正收獲快樂與滿足。